Bearish Cassiopeia C Harmonic Patterns [theEccentricTrader]█ OVERVIEW
This indicator automatically detects and draws bearish Cassiopeia C harmonic patterns and price projections derived from the ranges that constitute the patterns.
Cassiopeia A, B and C harmonic patterns are patterns that I created/discovered myself. They are all inspired by the Cassiopeia constellation and each one is based on different rotations of the constellation as it moves through the sky. The range ratios are also based on the constellation's right ascension and declination listed on Wikipedia:
Right ascension 22h 57m 04.5897s–03h 41m 14.0997s
Declination 77.6923447°–48.6632690°
en.wikipedia.org
I actually developed this idea quite a while ago now but have not felt audacious enough to introduce a new harmonic pattern, let alone 3 at the same time! But I have since been able to run backtests on tick data going back to 2002 across a variety of market and timeframe combinations and have learned that the Cassiopeia patterns can certainly hold their own against the currently known harmonic patterns.
I would also point out that the Cassiopeia constellation does actually look like a harmonic pattern and the Cassiopeia A star is literally the 'strongest source of radio emission in the sky beyond the solar system', so its arguably more of a real harmonic phenomenon than the current patterns.
www.britannica.com
chandra.si.edu
█ CONCEPTS
Green and Red Candles
• A green candle is one that closes with a close price equal to or above the price it opened.
• A red candle is one that closes with a close price that is lower than the price it opened.
Swing Highs and Swing Lows
• A swing high is a green candle or series of consecutive green candles followed by a single red candle to complete the swing and form the peak.
• A swing low is a red candle or series of consecutive red candles followed by a single green candle to complete the swing and form the trough.
Peak and Trough Prices (Basic)
• The peak price of a complete swing high is the high price of either the red candle that completes the swing high or the high price of the preceding green candle, depending on which is higher.
• The trough price of a complete swing low is the low price of either the green candle that completes the swing low or the low price of the preceding red candle, depending on which is lower.
Historic Peaks and Troughs
The current, or most recent, peak and trough occurrences are referred to as occurrence zero. Previous peak and trough occurrences are referred to as historic and ordered numerically from right to left, with the most recent historic peak and trough occurrences being occurrence one.
Range
The range is simply the difference between the current peak and current trough prices, generally expressed in terms of points or pips.
Upper Trends
• A return line uptrend is formed when the current peak price is higher than the preceding peak price.
• A downtrend is formed when the current peak price is lower than the preceding peak price.
• A double-top is formed when the current peak price is equal to the preceding peak price.
Lower Trends
• An uptrend is formed when the current trough price is higher than the preceding trough price.
• A return line downtrend is formed when the current trough price is lower than the preceding trough price.
• A double-bottom is formed when the current trough price is equal to the preceding trough price.
Muti-Part Upper and Lower Trends
• A multi-part return line uptrend begins with the formation of a new return line uptrend and continues until a new downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part downtrend begins with the formation of a new downtrend and continues until a new return line uptrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part uptrend begins with the formation of a new uptrend and continues until a new return line downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part return line downtrend begins with the formation of a new return line downtrend and continues until a new uptrend ends the trend.
Double Trends
• A double uptrend is formed when the current trough price is higher than the preceding trough price and the current peak price is higher than the preceding peak price.
• A double downtrend is formed when the current peak price is lower than the preceding peak price and the current trough price is lower than the preceding trough price.
Muti-Part Double Trends
• A multi-part double uptrend begins with the formation of a new uptrend that proceeds a new return line uptrend, and continues until a new downtrend or return line downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part double downtrend begins with the formation of a new downtrend that proceeds a new return line downtrend, and continues until a new uptrend or return line uptrend ends the trend.
Wave Cycles
A wave cycle is here defined as a complete two-part move between a swing high and a swing low, or a swing low and a swing high. The first swing high or swing low will set the course for the sequence of wave cycles that follow; for example a chart that begins with a swing low will form its first complete wave cycle upon the formation of the first complete swing high and vice versa.
Figure 1.
Retracement and Extension Ratios
Retracement and extension ratios are calculated by dividing the current range by the preceding range and multiplying the answer by 100. Retracement ratios are those that are equal to or below 100% of the preceding range and extension ratios are those that are above 100% of the preceding range.
Fibonacci Retracement and Extension Ratios
The Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers in which each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers, starting with 0 and 1. For example 0 + 1 = 1, 1 + 1 = 2, 1 + 2 = 3, and so on. Ultimately, we could go on forever but the first few numbers in the sequence are as follows: 0 , 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144.
The extension ratios are calculated by dividing each number in the sequence by the number preceding it. For example 0/1 = 0, 1/1 = 1, 2/1 = 2, 3/2 = 1.5, 5/3 = 1.6666..., 8/5 = 1.6, 13/8 = 1.625, 21/13 = 1.6153..., 34/21 = 1.6190..., 55/34 = 1.6176..., 89/55 = 1.6181..., 144/89 = 1.6179..., and so on. The retracement ratios are calculated by inverting this process and dividing each number in the sequence by the number proceeding it. For example 0/1 = 0, 1/1 = 1, 1/2 = 0.5, 2/3 = 0.666..., 3/5 = 0.6, 5/8 = 0.625, 8/13 = 0.6153..., 13/21 = 0.6190..., 21/34 = 0.6176..., 34/55 = 0.6181..., 55/89 = 0.6179..., 89/144 = 0.6180..., and so on.
1.618 is considered to be the 'golden ratio', found in many natural phenomena such as the growth of seashells and the branching of trees. Some now speculate the universe oscillates at a frequency of 0,618 Hz, which could help to explain such phenomena, but this theory has yet to be proven.
Traders and analysts use Fibonacci retracement and extension indicators, consisting of horizontal lines representing different Fibonacci ratios, for identifying potential levels of support and resistance. Fibonacci ranges are typically drawn from left to right, with retracement levels representing ratios inside of the current range and extension levels representing ratios extended outside of the current range. If the current wave cycle ends on a swing low, the Fibonacci range is drawn from peak to trough. If the current wave cycle ends on a swing high the Fibonacci range is drawn from trough to peak.
Harmonic Patterns
The concept of harmonic patterns in trading was first introduced by H.M. Gartley in his book "Profits in the Stock Market", published in 1935. Gartley observed that markets have a tendency to move in repetitive patterns, and he identified several specific patterns that he believed could be used to predict future price movements.
Since then, many other traders and analysts have built upon Gartley's work and developed their own variations of harmonic patterns. One such contributor is Larry Pesavento, who developed his own methods for measuring harmonic patterns using Fibonacci ratios. Pesavento has written several books on the subject of harmonic patterns and Fibonacci ratios in trading. Another notable contributor to harmonic patterns is Scott Carney, who developed his own approach to harmonic trading in the late 1990s and also popularised the use of Fibonacci ratios to measure harmonic patterns. Carney expanded on Gartley's work and also introduced several new harmonic patterns, such as the Shark pattern and the 5-0 pattern.
The bullish and bearish Gartley patterns are the oldest recognized harmonic patterns in trading and all the other harmonic patterns are ultimately modifications of the original Gartley patterns. Gartley patterns are fundamentally composed of 5 points, or 4 waves.
Bullish and Bearish Cassiopeia C Harmonic Patterns
• Bullish Cassiopeia C patterns are fundamentally composed of three troughs and two peaks. The second peak being higher than the first peak. And the third trough being lower than both the first and second troughs, while the second trough is higher than the first.
• Bearish Cassiopeia C patterns are fundamentally composed of three peaks and two troughs. The second trough being lower than the first trough. And the third peak being higher than both the first and second peaks, while the second peak is lower than the first.
The ratio measurements I use to detect the patterns are as follows:
• Wave 1 of the pattern, generally referred to as XA, has no specific ratio requirements.
• Wave 2 of the pattern, generally referred to as AB, should retrace by at least 11.34%, but no further than 22.31% of the range set by wave 1.
• Wave 3 of the pattern, generally referred to as BC, should extend by at least 225.7%, but no further than 341% of the range set by wave 2.
• Wave 4 of the pattern, generally referred to as CD, should retrace by at least 77.69%, but no further than 88.66% of the range set by wave 3.
Measurement Tolerances
In general, tolerance in measurements refers to the allowable variation or deviation from a specific value or dimension. It is the range within which a particular measurement is considered to be acceptable or accurate. In this script I have applied this concept to the measurement of harmonic pattern ratios to increase to the frequency of pattern occurrences.
For example, the AB measurement of Gartley patterns is generally set at around 61.8%, but with such specificity in the measuring requirements the patterns are very rare. We can increase the frequency of pattern occurrences by setting a tolerance. A tolerance of 10% to both downside and upside, which is the default setting for all tolerances, means we would have a tolerable measurement range between 51.8-71.8%, thus increasing the frequency of occurrence.
█ FEATURES
Inputs
• AB Lower Tolerance
• AB Upper Tolerance
• BC Lower Tolerance
• BC Upper Tolerance
• CD Lower Tolerance
• CD Upper Tolerance
• Pattern Color
• Label Color
• Show Projections
• Extend Current Projection Lines
Alerts
Users can set alerts for when the patterns occur.
█ LIMITATIONS
All green and red candle calculations are based on differences between open and close prices, as such I have made no attempt to account for green candles that gap lower and close below the close price of the preceding candle, or red candles that gap higher and close above the close price of the preceding candle. This may cause some unexpected behaviour on some markets and timeframes. I can only recommend using 24-hour markets, if and where possible, as there are far fewer gaps and, generally, more data to work with.
█ NOTES
I know a few people have been requesting a single indicator that contains all my patterns and I definitely hear you on that one. However, I have been very busy working on other projects while trying to trade and be a human at the same time. For now I am going to maintain my original approach of releasing each pattern individually so as to maintain consistency. But I am now also working on getting my some of my libraries ready for public release and in doing so I will finally be able to fit all patterns into one script. I will also be giving my scripts some TLC by making them cleaner once I have the libraries up and running. Please bear with me in the meantime, this may take a while. Cheers!
Cari dalam skrip untuk "horizontal line"
Bullish Cassiopeia C Harmonic Patterns [theEccentricTrader]█ OVERVIEW
This indicator automatically detects and draws bullish Cassiopeia C harmonic patterns and price projections derived from the ranges that constitute the patterns.
Cassiopeia A, B and C harmonic patterns are patterns that I created/discovered myself. They are all inspired by the Cassiopeia constellation and each one is based on different rotations of the constellation as it moves through the sky. The range ratios are also based on the constellation's right ascension and declination listed on Wikipedia:
Right ascension 22h 57m 04.5897s–03h 41m 14.0997s
Declination 77.6923447°–48.6632690°
en.wikipedia.org
I actually developed this idea quite a while ago now but have not felt audacious enough to introduce a new harmonic pattern, let alone 3 at the same time! But I have since been able to run backtests on tick data going back to 2002 across a variety of market and timeframe combinations and have learned that the Cassiopeia patterns can certainly hold their own against the currently known harmonic patterns.
I would also point out that the Cassiopeia constellation does actually look like a harmonic pattern and the Cassiopeia A star is literally the 'strongest source of radio emission in the sky beyond the solar system', so its arguably more of a real harmonic phenomenon than the current patterns.
www.britannica.com
chandra.si.edu
█ CONCEPTS
Green and Red Candles
• A green candle is one that closes with a close price equal to or above the price it opened.
• A red candle is one that closes with a close price that is lower than the price it opened.
Swing Highs and Swing Lows
• A swing high is a green candle or series of consecutive green candles followed by a single red candle to complete the swing and form the peak.
• A swing low is a red candle or series of consecutive red candles followed by a single green candle to complete the swing and form the trough.
Peak and Trough Prices (Basic)
• The peak price of a complete swing high is the high price of either the red candle that completes the swing high or the high price of the preceding green candle, depending on which is higher.
• The trough price of a complete swing low is the low price of either the green candle that completes the swing low or the low price of the preceding red candle, depending on which is lower.
Historic Peaks and Troughs
The current, or most recent, peak and trough occurrences are referred to as occurrence zero. Previous peak and trough occurrences are referred to as historic and ordered numerically from right to left, with the most recent historic peak and trough occurrences being occurrence one.
Range
The range is simply the difference between the current peak and current trough prices, generally expressed in terms of points or pips.
Upper Trends
• A return line uptrend is formed when the current peak price is higher than the preceding peak price.
• A downtrend is formed when the current peak price is lower than the preceding peak price.
• A double-top is formed when the current peak price is equal to the preceding peak price.
Lower Trends
• An uptrend is formed when the current trough price is higher than the preceding trough price.
• A return line downtrend is formed when the current trough price is lower than the preceding trough price.
• A double-bottom is formed when the current trough price is equal to the preceding trough price.
Muti-Part Upper and Lower Trends
• A multi-part return line uptrend begins with the formation of a new return line uptrend and continues until a new downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part downtrend begins with the formation of a new downtrend and continues until a new return line uptrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part uptrend begins with the formation of a new uptrend and continues until a new return line downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part return line downtrend begins with the formation of a new return line downtrend and continues until a new uptrend ends the trend.
Double Trends
• A double uptrend is formed when the current trough price is higher than the preceding trough price and the current peak price is higher than the preceding peak price.
• A double downtrend is formed when the current peak price is lower than the preceding peak price and the current trough price is lower than the preceding trough price.
Muti-Part Double Trends
• A multi-part double uptrend begins with the formation of a new uptrend that proceeds a new return line uptrend, and continues until a new downtrend or return line downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part double downtrend begins with the formation of a new downtrend that proceeds a new return line downtrend, and continues until a new uptrend or return line uptrend ends the trend.
Wave Cycles
A wave cycle is here defined as a complete two-part move between a swing high and a swing low, or a swing low and a swing high. The first swing high or swing low will set the course for the sequence of wave cycles that follow; for example a chart that begins with a swing low will form its first complete wave cycle upon the formation of the first complete swing high and vice versa.
Figure 1.
Retracement and Extension Ratios
Retracement and extension ratios are calculated by dividing the current range by the preceding range and multiplying the answer by 100. Retracement ratios are those that are equal to or below 100% of the preceding range and extension ratios are those that are above 100% of the preceding range.
Fibonacci Retracement and Extension Ratios
The Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers in which each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers, starting with 0 and 1. For example 0 + 1 = 1, 1 + 1 = 2, 1 + 2 = 3, and so on. Ultimately, we could go on forever but the first few numbers in the sequence are as follows: 0 , 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144.
The extension ratios are calculated by dividing each number in the sequence by the number preceding it. For example 0/1 = 0, 1/1 = 1, 2/1 = 2, 3/2 = 1.5, 5/3 = 1.6666..., 8/5 = 1.6, 13/8 = 1.625, 21/13 = 1.6153..., 34/21 = 1.6190..., 55/34 = 1.6176..., 89/55 = 1.6181..., 144/89 = 1.6179..., and so on. The retracement ratios are calculated by inverting this process and dividing each number in the sequence by the number proceeding it. For example 0/1 = 0, 1/1 = 1, 1/2 = 0.5, 2/3 = 0.666..., 3/5 = 0.6, 5/8 = 0.625, 8/13 = 0.6153..., 13/21 = 0.6190..., 21/34 = 0.6176..., 34/55 = 0.6181..., 55/89 = 0.6179..., 89/144 = 0.6180..., and so on.
1.618 is considered to be the 'golden ratio', found in many natural phenomena such as the growth of seashells and the branching of trees. Some now speculate the universe oscillates at a frequency of 0,618 Hz, which could help to explain such phenomena, but this theory has yet to be proven.
Traders and analysts use Fibonacci retracement and extension indicators, consisting of horizontal lines representing different Fibonacci ratios, for identifying potential levels of support and resistance. Fibonacci ranges are typically drawn from left to right, with retracement levels representing ratios inside of the current range and extension levels representing ratios extended outside of the current range. If the current wave cycle ends on a swing low, the Fibonacci range is drawn from peak to trough. If the current wave cycle ends on a swing high the Fibonacci range is drawn from trough to peak.
Harmonic Patterns
The concept of harmonic patterns in trading was first introduced by H.M. Gartley in his book "Profits in the Stock Market", published in 1935. Gartley observed that markets have a tendency to move in repetitive patterns, and he identified several specific patterns that he believed could be used to predict future price movements.
Since then, many other traders and analysts have built upon Gartley's work and developed their own variations of harmonic patterns. One such contributor is Larry Pesavento, who developed his own methods for measuring harmonic patterns using Fibonacci ratios. Pesavento has written several books on the subject of harmonic patterns and Fibonacci ratios in trading. Another notable contributor to harmonic patterns is Scott Carney, who developed his own approach to harmonic trading in the late 1990s and also popularised the use of Fibonacci ratios to measure harmonic patterns. Carney expanded on Gartley's work and also introduced several new harmonic patterns, such as the Shark pattern and the 5-0 pattern.
The bullish and bearish Gartley patterns are the oldest recognized harmonic patterns in trading and all the other harmonic patterns are ultimately modifications of the original Gartley patterns. Gartley patterns are fundamentally composed of 5 points, or 4 waves.
Bullish and Bearish Cassiopeia C Harmonic Patterns
• Bullish Cassiopeia C patterns are fundamentally composed of three troughs and two peaks. The second peak being higher than the first peak. And the third trough being lower than both the first and second troughs, while the second trough is higher than the first.
• Bearish Cassiopeia C patterns are fundamentally composed of three peaks and two troughs. The second trough being lower than the first trough. And the third peak being higher than both the first and second peaks, while the second peak is lower than the first.
The ratio measurements I use to detect the patterns are as follows:
• Wave 1 of the pattern, generally referred to as XA, has no specific ratio requirements.
• Wave 2 of the pattern, generally referred to as AB, should retrace by at least 11.34%, but no further than 22.31% of the range set by wave 1.
• Wave 3 of the pattern, generally referred to as BC, should extend by at least 225.7%, but no further than 341% of the range set by wave 2.
• Wave 4 of the pattern, generally referred to as CD, should retrace by at least 77.69%, but no further than 88.66% of the range set by wave 3.
Measurement Tolerances
In general, tolerance in measurements refers to the allowable variation or deviation from a specific value or dimension. It is the range within which a particular measurement is considered to be acceptable or accurate. In this script I have applied this concept to the measurement of harmonic pattern ratios to increase to the frequency of pattern occurrences.
For example, the AB measurement of Gartley patterns is generally set at around 61.8%, but with such specificity in the measuring requirements the patterns are very rare. We can increase the frequency of pattern occurrences by setting a tolerance. A tolerance of 10% to both downside and upside, which is the default setting for all tolerances, means we would have a tolerable measurement range between 51.8-71.8%, thus increasing the frequency of occurrence.
█ FEATURES
Inputs
• AB Lower Tolerance
• AB Upper Tolerance
• BC Lower Tolerance
• BC Upper Tolerance
• CD Lower Tolerance
• CD Upper Tolerance
• Pattern Color
• Label Color
• Show Projections
• Extend Current Projection Lines
Alerts
Users can set alerts for when the patterns occur.
█ LIMITATIONS
All green and red candle calculations are based on differences between open and close prices, as such I have made no attempt to account for green candles that gap lower and close below the close price of the preceding candle, or red candles that gap higher and close above the close price of the preceding candle. This may cause some unexpected behaviour on some markets and timeframes. I can only recommend using 24-hour markets, if and where possible, as there are far fewer gaps and, generally, more data to work with.
█ NOTES
I know a few people have been requesting a single indicator that contains all my patterns and I definitely hear you on that one. However, I have been very busy working on other projects while trying to trade and be a human at the same time. For now I am going to maintain my original approach of releasing each pattern individually so as to maintain consistency. But I am now also working on getting my some of my libraries ready for public release and in doing so I will finally be able to fit all patterns into one script. I will also be giving my scripts some TLC by making them cleaner once I have the libraries up and running. Please bear with me in the meantime, this may take a while. Cheers!
Bearish Cassiopeia B Harmonic Patterns [theEccentricTrader]█ OVERVIEW
This indicator automatically detects and draws bearish Cassiopeia B harmonic patterns and price projections derived from the ranges that constitute the patterns.
Cassiopeia A, B and C harmonic patterns are patterns that I created/discovered myself. They are all inspired by the Cassiopeia constellation and each one is based on different rotations of the constellation as it moves through the sky. The range ratios are also based on the constellation's right ascension and declination listed on Wikipedia:
Right ascension 22h 57m 04.5897s–03h 41m 14.0997s
Declination 77.6923447°–48.6632690°
en.wikipedia.org
I actually developed this idea quite a while ago now but have not felt audacious enough to introduce a new harmonic pattern, let alone 3 at the same time! But I have since been able to run backtests on tick data going back to 2002 across a variety of market and timeframe combinations and have learned that the Cassiopeia patterns can certainly hold their own against the currently known harmonic patterns.
I would also point out that the Cassiopeia constellation does actually look like a harmonic pattern and the Cassiopeia A star is literally the 'strongest source of radio emission in the sky beyond the solar system', so its arguably more of a real harmonic phenomenon than the current patterns.
www.britannica.com
chandra.si.edu
█ CONCEPTS
Green and Red Candles
• A green candle is one that closes with a close price equal to or above the price it opened.
• A red candle is one that closes with a close price that is lower than the price it opened.
Swing Highs and Swing Lows
• A swing high is a green candle or series of consecutive green candles followed by a single red candle to complete the swing and form the peak.
• A swing low is a red candle or series of consecutive red candles followed by a single green candle to complete the swing and form the trough.
Peak and Trough Prices (Basic)
• The peak price of a complete swing high is the high price of either the red candle that completes the swing high or the high price of the preceding green candle, depending on which is higher.
• The trough price of a complete swing low is the low price of either the green candle that completes the swing low or the low price of the preceding red candle, depending on which is lower.
Historic Peaks and Troughs
The current, or most recent, peak and trough occurrences are referred to as occurrence zero. Previous peak and trough occurrences are referred to as historic and ordered numerically from right to left, with the most recent historic peak and trough occurrences being occurrence one.
Range
The range is simply the difference between the current peak and current trough prices, generally expressed in terms of points or pips.
Upper Trends
• A return line uptrend is formed when the current peak price is higher than the preceding peak price.
• A downtrend is formed when the current peak price is lower than the preceding peak price.
• A double-top is formed when the current peak price is equal to the preceding peak price.
Lower Trends
• An uptrend is formed when the current trough price is higher than the preceding trough price.
• A return line downtrend is formed when the current trough price is lower than the preceding trough price.
• A double-bottom is formed when the current trough price is equal to the preceding trough price.
Muti-Part Upper and Lower Trends
• A multi-part return line uptrend begins with the formation of a new return line uptrend and continues until a new downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part downtrend begins with the formation of a new downtrend and continues until a new return line uptrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part uptrend begins with the formation of a new uptrend and continues until a new return line downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part return line downtrend begins with the formation of a new return line downtrend and continues until a new uptrend ends the trend.
Double Trends
• A double uptrend is formed when the current trough price is higher than the preceding trough price and the current peak price is higher than the preceding peak price.
• A double downtrend is formed when the current peak price is lower than the preceding peak price and the current trough price is lower than the preceding trough price.
Muti-Part Double Trends
• A multi-part double uptrend begins with the formation of a new uptrend that proceeds a new return line uptrend, and continues until a new downtrend or return line downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part double downtrend begins with the formation of a new downtrend that proceeds a new return line downtrend, and continues until a new uptrend or return line uptrend ends the trend.
Wave Cycles
A wave cycle is here defined as a complete two-part move between a swing high and a swing low, or a swing low and a swing high. The first swing high or swing low will set the course for the sequence of wave cycles that follow; for example a chart that begins with a swing low will form its first complete wave cycle upon the formation of the first complete swing high and vice versa.
Figure 1.
Retracement and Extension Ratios
Retracement and extension ratios are calculated by dividing the current range by the preceding range and multiplying the answer by 100. Retracement ratios are those that are equal to or below 100% of the preceding range and extension ratios are those that are above 100% of the preceding range.
Fibonacci Retracement and Extension Ratios
The Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers in which each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers, starting with 0 and 1. For example 0 + 1 = 1, 1 + 1 = 2, 1 + 2 = 3, and so on. Ultimately, we could go on forever but the first few numbers in the sequence are as follows: 0 , 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144.
The extension ratios are calculated by dividing each number in the sequence by the number preceding it. For example 0/1 = 0, 1/1 = 1, 2/1 = 2, 3/2 = 1.5, 5/3 = 1.6666..., 8/5 = 1.6, 13/8 = 1.625, 21/13 = 1.6153..., 34/21 = 1.6190..., 55/34 = 1.6176..., 89/55 = 1.6181..., 144/89 = 1.6179..., and so on. The retracement ratios are calculated by inverting this process and dividing each number in the sequence by the number proceeding it. For example 0/1 = 0, 1/1 = 1, 1/2 = 0.5, 2/3 = 0.666..., 3/5 = 0.6, 5/8 = 0.625, 8/13 = 0.6153..., 13/21 = 0.6190..., 21/34 = 0.6176..., 34/55 = 0.6181..., 55/89 = 0.6179..., 89/144 = 0.6180..., and so on.
1.618 is considered to be the 'golden ratio', found in many natural phenomena such as the growth of seashells and the branching of trees. Some now speculate the universe oscillates at a frequency of 0,618 Hz, which could help to explain such phenomena, but this theory has yet to be proven.
Traders and analysts use Fibonacci retracement and extension indicators, consisting of horizontal lines representing different Fibonacci ratios, for identifying potential levels of support and resistance. Fibonacci ranges are typically drawn from left to right, with retracement levels representing ratios inside of the current range and extension levels representing ratios extended outside of the current range. If the current wave cycle ends on a swing low, the Fibonacci range is drawn from peak to trough. If the current wave cycle ends on a swing high the Fibonacci range is drawn from trough to peak.
Harmonic Patterns
The concept of harmonic patterns in trading was first introduced by H.M. Gartley in his book "Profits in the Stock Market", published in 1935. Gartley observed that markets have a tendency to move in repetitive patterns, and he identified several specific patterns that he believed could be used to predict future price movements.
Since then, many other traders and analysts have built upon Gartley's work and developed their own variations of harmonic patterns. One such contributor is Larry Pesavento, who developed his own methods for measuring harmonic patterns using Fibonacci ratios. Pesavento has written several books on the subject of harmonic patterns and Fibonacci ratios in trading. Another notable contributor to harmonic patterns is Scott Carney, who developed his own approach to harmonic trading in the late 1990s and also popularised the use of Fibonacci ratios to measure harmonic patterns. Carney expanded on Gartley's work and also introduced several new harmonic patterns, such as the Shark pattern and the 5-0 pattern.
The bullish and bearish Gartley patterns are the oldest recognized harmonic patterns in trading and all the other harmonic patterns are ultimately modifications of the original Gartley patterns. Gartley patterns are fundamentally composed of 5 points, or 4 waves.
Bullish and Bearish Cassiopeia B Harmonic Patterns
• Bullish Cassiopeia B patterns are fundamentally composed of three troughs and two peaks. The second peak being lower than the first peak. And the third trough being lower than both the first and second troughs, while the second trough is also lower than the first.
• Bearish Cassiopeia B patterns are fundamentally composed of three peaks and two troughs. The second trough being higher than the first trough. And the third peak being higher than both the first and second peaks, while the second peak is also higher than the first.
The ratio measurements I use to detect the patterns are as follows:
• Wave 1 of the pattern, generally referred to as XA, has no specific ratio requirements.
• Wave 2 of the pattern, generally referred to as AB, should retrace by at least 11.34%, but no further than 22.31% of the range set by wave 1.
• Wave 3 of the pattern, generally referred to as BC, should extend by at least 225.7%, but no further than 341% of the range set by wave 2.
• Wave 4 of the pattern, generally referred to as CD, should retrace by at least 77.69%, but no further than 88.66% of the range set by wave 3.
Measurement Tolerances
In general, tolerance in measurements refers to the allowable variation or deviation from a specific value or dimension. It is the range within which a particular measurement is considered to be acceptable or accurate. In this script I have applied this concept to the measurement of harmonic pattern ratios to increase to the frequency of pattern occurrences.
For example, the AB measurement of Gartley patterns is generally set at around 61.8%, but with such specificity in the measuring requirements the patterns are very rare. We can increase the frequency of pattern occurrences by setting a tolerance. A tolerance of 10% to both downside and upside, which is the default setting for all tolerances, means we would have a tolerable measurement range between 51.8-71.8%, thus increasing the frequency of occurrence.
█ FEATURES
Inputs
• AB Lower Tolerance
• AB Upper Tolerance
• BC Lower Tolerance
• BC Upper Tolerance
• CD Lower Tolerance
• CD Upper Tolerance
• Pattern Color
• Label Color
• Show Projections
• Extend Current Projection Lines
Alerts
Users can set alerts for when the patterns occur.
█ LIMITATIONS
All green and red candle calculations are based on differences between open and close prices, as such I have made no attempt to account for green candles that gap lower and close below the close price of the preceding candle, or red candles that gap higher and close above the close price of the preceding candle. This may cause some unexpected behaviour on some markets and timeframes. I can only recommend using 24-hour markets, if and where possible, as there are far fewer gaps and, generally, more data to work with.
█ NOTES
I know a few people have been requesting a single indicator that contains all my patterns and I definitely hear you on that one. However, I have been very busy working on other projects while trying to trade and be a human at the same time. For now I am going to maintain my original approach of releasing each pattern individually so as to maintain consistency. But I am now also working on getting my some of my libraries ready for public release and in doing so I will finally be able to fit all patterns into one script. I will also be giving my scripts some TLC by making them cleaner once I have the libraries up and running. Please bear with me in the meantime, this may take a while. Cheers!
Bullish Cassiopeia B Harmonic Patterns [theEccentricTrader]█ OVERVIEW
This indicator automatically detects and draws bullish Cassiopeia B harmonic patterns and price projections derived from the ranges that constitute the patterns.
Cassiopeia A, B and C harmonic patterns are patterns that I created/discovered myself. They are all inspired by the Cassiopeia constellation and each one is based on different rotations of the constellation as it moves through the sky. The range ratios are also based on the constellation's right ascension and declination listed on Wikipedia:
Right ascension 22h 57m 04.5897s–03h 41m 14.0997s
Declination 77.6923447°–48.6632690°
en.wikipedia.org
I actually developed this idea quite a while ago now but have not felt audacious enough to introduce a new harmonic pattern, let alone 3 at the same time! But I have since been able to run backtests on tick data going back to 2002 across a variety of market and timeframe combinations and have learned that the Cassiopeia patterns can certainly hold their own against the currently known harmonic patterns.
I would also point out that the Cassiopeia constellation does actually look like a harmonic pattern and the Cassiopeia A star is literally the 'strongest source of radio emission in the sky beyond the solar system', so its arguably more of a real harmonic phenomenon than the current patterns.
www.britannica.com
chandra.si.edu
█ CONCEPTS
Green and Red Candles
• A green candle is one that closes with a close price equal to or above the price it opened.
• A red candle is one that closes with a close price that is lower than the price it opened.
Swing Highs and Swing Lows
• A swing high is a green candle or series of consecutive green candles followed by a single red candle to complete the swing and form the peak.
• A swing low is a red candle or series of consecutive red candles followed by a single green candle to complete the swing and form the trough.
Peak and Trough Prices (Basic)
• The peak price of a complete swing high is the high price of either the red candle that completes the swing high or the high price of the preceding green candle, depending on which is higher.
• The trough price of a complete swing low is the low price of either the green candle that completes the swing low or the low price of the preceding red candle, depending on which is lower.
Historic Peaks and Troughs
The current, or most recent, peak and trough occurrences are referred to as occurrence zero. Previous peak and trough occurrences are referred to as historic and ordered numerically from right to left, with the most recent historic peak and trough occurrences being occurrence one.
Range
The range is simply the difference between the current peak and current trough prices, generally expressed in terms of points or pips.
Upper Trends
• A return line uptrend is formed when the current peak price is higher than the preceding peak price.
• A downtrend is formed when the current peak price is lower than the preceding peak price.
• A double-top is formed when the current peak price is equal to the preceding peak price.
Lower Trends
• An uptrend is formed when the current trough price is higher than the preceding trough price.
• A return line downtrend is formed when the current trough price is lower than the preceding trough price.
• A double-bottom is formed when the current trough price is equal to the preceding trough price.
Muti-Part Upper and Lower Trends
• A multi-part return line uptrend begins with the formation of a new return line uptrend and continues until a new downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part downtrend begins with the formation of a new downtrend and continues until a new return line uptrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part uptrend begins with the formation of a new uptrend and continues until a new return line downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part return line downtrend begins with the formation of a new return line downtrend and continues until a new uptrend ends the trend.
Double Trends
• A double uptrend is formed when the current trough price is higher than the preceding trough price and the current peak price is higher than the preceding peak price.
• A double downtrend is formed when the current peak price is lower than the preceding peak price and the current trough price is lower than the preceding trough price.
Muti-Part Double Trends
• A multi-part double uptrend begins with the formation of a new uptrend that proceeds a new return line uptrend, and continues until a new downtrend or return line downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part double downtrend begins with the formation of a new downtrend that proceeds a new return line downtrend, and continues until a new uptrend or return line uptrend ends the trend.
Wave Cycles
A wave cycle is here defined as a complete two-part move between a swing high and a swing low, or a swing low and a swing high. The first swing high or swing low will set the course for the sequence of wave cycles that follow; for example a chart that begins with a swing low will form its first complete wave cycle upon the formation of the first complete swing high and vice versa.
Figure 1.
Retracement and Extension Ratios
Retracement and extension ratios are calculated by dividing the current range by the preceding range and multiplying the answer by 100. Retracement ratios are those that are equal to or below 100% of the preceding range and extension ratios are those that are above 100% of the preceding range.
Fibonacci Retracement and Extension Ratios
The Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers in which each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers, starting with 0 and 1. For example 0 + 1 = 1, 1 + 1 = 2, 1 + 2 = 3, and so on. Ultimately, we could go on forever but the first few numbers in the sequence are as follows: 0 , 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144.
The extension ratios are calculated by dividing each number in the sequence by the number preceding it. For example 0/1 = 0, 1/1 = 1, 2/1 = 2, 3/2 = 1.5, 5/3 = 1.6666..., 8/5 = 1.6, 13/8 = 1.625, 21/13 = 1.6153..., 34/21 = 1.6190..., 55/34 = 1.6176..., 89/55 = 1.6181..., 144/89 = 1.6179..., and so on. The retracement ratios are calculated by inverting this process and dividing each number in the sequence by the number proceeding it. For example 0/1 = 0, 1/1 = 1, 1/2 = 0.5, 2/3 = 0.666..., 3/5 = 0.6, 5/8 = 0.625, 8/13 = 0.6153..., 13/21 = 0.6190..., 21/34 = 0.6176..., 34/55 = 0.6181..., 55/89 = 0.6179..., 89/144 = 0.6180..., and so on.
1.618 is considered to be the 'golden ratio', found in many natural phenomena such as the growth of seashells and the branching of trees. Some now speculate the universe oscillates at a frequency of 0,618 Hz, which could help to explain such phenomena, but this theory has yet to be proven.
Traders and analysts use Fibonacci retracement and extension indicators, consisting of horizontal lines representing different Fibonacci ratios, for identifying potential levels of support and resistance. Fibonacci ranges are typically drawn from left to right, with retracement levels representing ratios inside of the current range and extension levels representing ratios extended outside of the current range. If the current wave cycle ends on a swing low, the Fibonacci range is drawn from peak to trough. If the current wave cycle ends on a swing high the Fibonacci range is drawn from trough to peak.
Harmonic Patterns
The concept of harmonic patterns in trading was first introduced by H.M. Gartley in his book "Profits in the Stock Market", published in 1935. Gartley observed that markets have a tendency to move in repetitive patterns, and he identified several specific patterns that he believed could be used to predict future price movements.
Since then, many other traders and analysts have built upon Gartley's work and developed their own variations of harmonic patterns. One such contributor is Larry Pesavento, who developed his own methods for measuring harmonic patterns using Fibonacci ratios. Pesavento has written several books on the subject of harmonic patterns and Fibonacci ratios in trading. Another notable contributor to harmonic patterns is Scott Carney, who developed his own approach to harmonic trading in the late 1990s and also popularised the use of Fibonacci ratios to measure harmonic patterns. Carney expanded on Gartley's work and also introduced several new harmonic patterns, such as the Shark pattern and the 5-0 pattern.
The bullish and bearish Gartley patterns are the oldest recognized harmonic patterns in trading and all the other harmonic patterns are ultimately modifications of the original Gartley patterns. Gartley patterns are fundamentally composed of 5 points, or 4 waves.
Bullish and Bearish Cassiopeia B Harmonic Patterns
• Bullish Cassiopeia B patterns are fundamentally composed of three troughs and two peaks. The second peak being lower than the first peak. And the third trough being lower than both the first and second troughs, while the second trough is also lower than the first.
• Bearish Cassiopeia B patterns are fundamentally composed of three peaks and two troughs. The second trough being higher than the first trough. And the third peak being higher than both the first and second peaks, while the second peak is also higher than the first.
The ratio measurements I use to detect the patterns are as follows:
• Wave 1 of the pattern, generally referred to as XA, has no specific ratio requirements.
• Wave 2 of the pattern, generally referred to as AB, should retrace by at least 11.34%, but no further than 22.31% of the range set by wave 1.
• Wave 3 of the pattern, generally referred to as BC, should extend by at least 225.7%, but no further than 341% of the range set by wave 2.
• Wave 4 of the pattern, generally referred to as CD, should retrace by at least 77.69%, but no further than 88.66% of the range set by wave 3.
Measurement Tolerances
In general, tolerance in measurements refers to the allowable variation or deviation from a specific value or dimension. It is the range within which a particular measurement is considered to be acceptable or accurate. In this script I have applied this concept to the measurement of harmonic pattern ratios to increase to the frequency of pattern occurrences.
For example, the AB measurement of Gartley patterns is generally set at around 61.8%, but with such specificity in the measuring requirements the patterns are very rare. We can increase the frequency of pattern occurrences by setting a tolerance. A tolerance of 10% to both downside and upside, which is the default setting for all tolerances, means we would have a tolerable measurement range between 51.8-71.8%, thus increasing the frequency of occurrence.
█ FEATURES
Inputs
• AB Lower Tolerance
• AB Upper Tolerance
• BC Lower Tolerance
• BC Upper Tolerance
• CD Lower Tolerance
• CD Upper Tolerance
• Pattern Color
• Label Color
• Show Projections
• Extend Current Projection Lines
Alerts
Users can set alerts for when the patterns occur.
█ LIMITATIONS
All green and red candle calculations are based on differences between open and close prices, as such I have made no attempt to account for green candles that gap lower and close below the close price of the preceding candle, or red candles that gap higher and close above the close price of the preceding candle. This may cause some unexpected behaviour on some markets and timeframes. I can only recommend using 24-hour markets, if and where possible, as there are far fewer gaps and, generally, more data to work with.
█ NOTES
I know a few people have been requesting a single indicator that contains all my patterns and I definitely hear you on that one. However, I have been very busy working on other projects while trying to trade and be a human at the same time. For now I am going to maintain my original approach of releasing each pattern individually so as to maintain consistency. But I am now also working on getting my some of my libraries ready for public release and in doing so I will finally be able to fit all patterns into one script. I will also be giving my scripts some TLC by making them cleaner once I have the libraries up and running. Please bear with me in the meantime, this may take a while. Cheers!
Bearish Cassiopeia A Harmonic Patterns [theEccentricTrader]█ OVERVIEW
This indicator automatically detects and draws bearish Cassiopeia A harmonic patterns and price projections derived from the ranges that constitute the patterns.
Cassiopeia A, B and C harmonic patterns are patterns that I created/discovered myself. They are all inspired by the Cassiopeia constellation and each one is based on different rotations of the constellation as it moves through the sky. The range ratios are also based on the constellation's right ascension and declination listed on Wikipedia:
Right ascension 22h 57m 04.5897s–03h 41m 14.0997s
Declination 77.6923447°–48.6632690°
en.wikipedia.org
I actually developed this idea quite a while ago now but have not felt audacious enough to introduce a new harmonic pattern, let alone 3 at the same time! But I have since been able to run backtests on tick data going back to 2002 across a variety of market and timeframe combinations and have learned that the Cassiopeia patterns can certainly hold their own against the currently known harmonic patterns.
I would also point out that the Cassiopeia constellation does actually look like a harmonic pattern and the Cassiopeia A star is literally the 'strongest source of radio emission in the sky beyond the solar system', so its arguably more of a real harmonic phenomenon than the current patterns.
www.britannica.com
chandra.si.edu
█ CONCEPTS
Green and Red Candles
• A green candle is one that closes with a close price equal to or above the price it opened.
• A red candle is one that closes with a close price that is lower than the price it opened.
Swing Highs and Swing Lows
• A swing high is a green candle or series of consecutive green candles followed by a single red candle to complete the swing and form the peak.
• A swing low is a red candle or series of consecutive red candles followed by a single green candle to complete the swing and form the trough.
Peak and Trough Prices (Basic)
• The peak price of a complete swing high is the high price of either the red candle that completes the swing high or the high price of the preceding green candle, depending on which is higher.
• The trough price of a complete swing low is the low price of either the green candle that completes the swing low or the low price of the preceding red candle, depending on which is lower.
Historic Peaks and Troughs
The current, or most recent, peak and trough occurrences are referred to as occurrence zero. Previous peak and trough occurrences are referred to as historic and ordered numerically from right to left, with the most recent historic peak and trough occurrences being occurrence one.
Range
The range is simply the difference between the current peak and current trough prices, generally expressed in terms of points or pips.
Upper Trends
• A return line uptrend is formed when the current peak price is higher than the preceding peak price.
• A downtrend is formed when the current peak price is lower than the preceding peak price.
• A double-top is formed when the current peak price is equal to the preceding peak price.
Lower Trends
• An uptrend is formed when the current trough price is higher than the preceding trough price.
• A return line downtrend is formed when the current trough price is lower than the preceding trough price.
• A double-bottom is formed when the current trough price is equal to the preceding trough price.
Muti-Part Upper and Lower Trends
• A multi-part return line uptrend begins with the formation of a new return line uptrend and continues until a new downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part downtrend begins with the formation of a new downtrend and continues until a new return line uptrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part uptrend begins with the formation of a new uptrend and continues until a new return line downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part return line downtrend begins with the formation of a new return line downtrend and continues until a new uptrend ends the trend.
Double Trends
• A double uptrend is formed when the current trough price is higher than the preceding trough price and the current peak price is higher than the preceding peak price.
• A double downtrend is formed when the current peak price is lower than the preceding peak price and the current trough price is lower than the preceding trough price.
Muti-Part Double Trends
• A multi-part double uptrend begins with the formation of a new uptrend that proceeds a new return line uptrend, and continues until a new downtrend or return line downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part double downtrend begins with the formation of a new downtrend that proceeds a new return line downtrend, and continues until a new uptrend or return line uptrend ends the trend.
Wave Cycles
A wave cycle is here defined as a complete two-part move between a swing high and a swing low, or a swing low and a swing high. The first swing high or swing low will set the course for the sequence of wave cycles that follow; for example a chart that begins with a swing low will form its first complete wave cycle upon the formation of the first complete swing high and vice versa.
Figure 1.
Retracement and Extension Ratios
Retracement and extension ratios are calculated by dividing the current range by the preceding range and multiplying the answer by 100. Retracement ratios are those that are equal to or below 100% of the preceding range and extension ratios are those that are above 100% of the preceding range.
Fibonacci Retracement and Extension Ratios
The Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers in which each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers, starting with 0 and 1. For example 0 + 1 = 1, 1 + 1 = 2, 1 + 2 = 3, and so on. Ultimately, we could go on forever but the first few numbers in the sequence are as follows: 0 , 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144.
The extension ratios are calculated by dividing each number in the sequence by the number preceding it. For example 0/1 = 0, 1/1 = 1, 2/1 = 2, 3/2 = 1.5, 5/3 = 1.6666..., 8/5 = 1.6, 13/8 = 1.625, 21/13 = 1.6153..., 34/21 = 1.6190..., 55/34 = 1.6176..., 89/55 = 1.6181..., 144/89 = 1.6179..., and so on. The retracement ratios are calculated by inverting this process and dividing each number in the sequence by the number proceeding it. For example 0/1 = 0, 1/1 = 1, 1/2 = 0.5, 2/3 = 0.666..., 3/5 = 0.6, 5/8 = 0.625, 8/13 = 0.6153..., 13/21 = 0.6190..., 21/34 = 0.6176..., 34/55 = 0.6181..., 55/89 = 0.6179..., 89/144 = 0.6180..., and so on.
1.618 is considered to be the 'golden ratio', found in many natural phenomena such as the growth of seashells and the branching of trees. Some now speculate the universe oscillates at a frequency of 0,618 Hz, which could help to explain such phenomena, but this theory has yet to be proven.
Traders and analysts use Fibonacci retracement and extension indicators, consisting of horizontal lines representing different Fibonacci ratios, for identifying potential levels of support and resistance. Fibonacci ranges are typically drawn from left to right, with retracement levels representing ratios inside of the current range and extension levels representing ratios extended outside of the current range. If the current wave cycle ends on a swing low, the Fibonacci range is drawn from peak to trough. If the current wave cycle ends on a swing high the Fibonacci range is drawn from trough to peak.
Harmonic Patterns
The concept of harmonic patterns in trading was first introduced by H.M. Gartley in his book "Profits in the Stock Market", published in 1935. Gartley observed that markets have a tendency to move in repetitive patterns, and he identified several specific patterns that he believed could be used to predict future price movements.
Since then, many other traders and analysts have built upon Gartley's work and developed their own variations of harmonic patterns. One such contributor is Larry Pesavento, who developed his own methods for measuring harmonic patterns using Fibonacci ratios. Pesavento has written several books on the subject of harmonic patterns and Fibonacci ratios in trading. Another notable contributor to harmonic patterns is Scott Carney, who developed his own approach to harmonic trading in the late 1990s and also popularised the use of Fibonacci ratios to measure harmonic patterns. Carney expanded on Gartley's work and also introduced several new harmonic patterns, such as the Shark pattern and the 5-0 pattern.
The bullish and bearish Gartley patterns are the oldest recognized harmonic patterns in trading and all the other harmonic patterns are ultimately modifications of the original Gartley patterns. Gartley patterns are fundamentally composed of 5 points, or 4 waves.
Bullish and Bearish Cassiopeia A Harmonic Patterns
• Bullish Cassiopeia A patterns are fundamentally composed of three troughs and two peaks. The second peak being higher than the first peak. And the third trough being higher than both the first and second troughs, while the second trough is also higher than the first.
• Bearish Cassiopeia A patterns are fundamentally composed of three peaks and two troughs. The second trough being lower than the first trough. And the third peak being lower than both the first and second peaks, while the second peak is also lower than the first.
The ratio measurements I use to detect the patterns are as follows:
• Wave 1 of the pattern, generally referred to as XA, has no specific ratio requirements.
• Wave 2 of the pattern, generally referred to as AB, should retrace by at least 11.34%, but no further than 22.31% of the range set by wave 1.
• Wave 3 of the pattern, generally referred to as BC, should extend by at least 225.7%, but no further than 341% of the range set by wave 2.
• Wave 4 of the pattern, generally referred to as CD, should retrace by at least 77.69%, but no further than 88.66% of the range set by wave 3.
Measurement Tolerances
In general, tolerance in measurements refers to the allowable variation or deviation from a specific value or dimension. It is the range within which a particular measurement is considered to be acceptable or accurate. In this script I have applied this concept to the measurement of harmonic pattern ratios to increase to the frequency of pattern occurrences.
For example, the AB measurement of Gartley patterns is generally set at around 61.8%, but with such specificity in the measuring requirements the patterns are very rare. We can increase the frequency of pattern occurrences by setting a tolerance. A tolerance of 10% to both downside and upside, which is the default setting for all tolerances, means we would have a tolerable measurement range between 51.8-71.8%, thus increasing the frequency of occurrence.
█ FEATURES
Inputs
• AB Lower Tolerance
• AB Upper Tolerance
• BC Lower Tolerance
• BC Upper Tolerance
• CD Lower Tolerance
• CD Upper Tolerance
• Pattern Color
• Label Color
• Show Projections
• Extend Current Projection Lines
Alerts
Users can set alerts for when the patterns occur.
█ LIMITATIONS
All green and red candle calculations are based on differences between open and close prices, as such I have made no attempt to account for green candles that gap lower and close below the close price of the preceding candle, or red candles that gap higher and close above the close price of the preceding candle. This may cause some unexpected behaviour on some markets and timeframes. I can only recommend using 24-hour markets, if and where possible, as there are far fewer gaps and, generally, more data to work with.
█ NOTES
I know a few people have been requesting a single indicator that contains all my patterns and I definitely hear you on that one. However, I have been very busy working on other projects while trying to trade and be a human at the same time. For now I am going to maintain my original approach of releasing each pattern individually so as to maintain consistency. But I am now also working on getting my some of my libraries ready for public release and in doing so I will finally be able to fit all patterns into one script. I will also be giving my scripts some TLC by making them cleaner once I have the libraries up and running. Please bear with me in the meantime, this may take a while. Cheers!
Bullish Cassiopeia A Harmonic Patterns [theEccentricTrader]█ OVERVIEW
This indicator automatically detects and draws bullish Cassiopeia A harmonic patterns and price projections derived from the ranges that constitute the patterns.
Cassiopeia A, B and C harmonic patterns are patterns that I created/discovered myself. They are all inspired by the Cassiopeia constellation and each one is based on different rotations of the constellation as it moves through the sky. The range ratios are also based on the constellation's right ascension and declination listed on Wikipedia:
Right ascension 22h 57m 04.5897s–03h 41m 14.0997s
Declination 77.6923447°–48.6632690°
en.wikipedia.org
I actually developed this idea quite a while ago now but have not felt audacious enough to introduce a new harmonic pattern, let alone 3 at the same time! But I have since been able to run backtests on tick data going back to 2002 across a variety of market and timeframe combinations and have learned that the Cassiopeia patterns can certainly hold their own against the currently known harmonic patterns. As can be seen in the picture above the bullish Cassiopeia A caught the 2009 bear market bottom almost perfectly.
I would also point out that the Cassiopeia constellation does actually look like a harmonic pattern and the Cassiopeia A star is literally the 'strongest source of radio emission in the sky beyond the solar system', so its arguably more of a real harmonic phenomenon than the current patterns.
www.britannica.com
chandra.si.edu
█ CONCEPTS
Green and Red Candles
• A green candle is one that closes with a close price equal to or above the price it opened.
• A red candle is one that closes with a close price that is lower than the price it opened.
Swing Highs and Swing Lows
• A swing high is a green candle or series of consecutive green candles followed by a single red candle to complete the swing and form the peak.
• A swing low is a red candle or series of consecutive red candles followed by a single green candle to complete the swing and form the trough.
Peak and Trough Prices (Basic)
• The peak price of a complete swing high is the high price of either the red candle that completes the swing high or the high price of the preceding green candle, depending on which is higher.
• The trough price of a complete swing low is the low price of either the green candle that completes the swing low or the low price of the preceding red candle, depending on which is lower.
Historic Peaks and Troughs
The current, or most recent, peak and trough occurrences are referred to as occurrence zero. Previous peak and trough occurrences are referred to as historic and ordered numerically from right to left, with the most recent historic peak and trough occurrences being occurrence one.
Range
The range is simply the difference between the current peak and current trough prices, generally expressed in terms of points or pips.
Upper Trends
• A return line uptrend is formed when the current peak price is higher than the preceding peak price.
• A downtrend is formed when the current peak price is lower than the preceding peak price.
• A double-top is formed when the current peak price is equal to the preceding peak price.
Lower Trends
• An uptrend is formed when the current trough price is higher than the preceding trough price.
• A return line downtrend is formed when the current trough price is lower than the preceding trough price.
• A double-bottom is formed when the current trough price is equal to the preceding trough price.
Muti-Part Upper and Lower Trends
• A multi-part return line uptrend begins with the formation of a new return line uptrend and continues until a new downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part downtrend begins with the formation of a new downtrend and continues until a new return line uptrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part uptrend begins with the formation of a new uptrend and continues until a new return line downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part return line downtrend begins with the formation of a new return line downtrend and continues until a new uptrend ends the trend.
Double Trends
• A double uptrend is formed when the current trough price is higher than the preceding trough price and the current peak price is higher than the preceding peak price.
• A double downtrend is formed when the current peak price is lower than the preceding peak price and the current trough price is lower than the preceding trough price.
Muti-Part Double Trends
• A multi-part double uptrend begins with the formation of a new uptrend that proceeds a new return line uptrend, and continues until a new downtrend or return line downtrend ends the trend.
• A multi-part double downtrend begins with the formation of a new downtrend that proceeds a new return line downtrend, and continues until a new uptrend or return line uptrend ends the trend.
Wave Cycles
A wave cycle is here defined as a complete two-part move between a swing high and a swing low, or a swing low and a swing high. The first swing high or swing low will set the course for the sequence of wave cycles that follow; for example a chart that begins with a swing low will form its first complete wave cycle upon the formation of the first complete swing high and vice versa.
Figure 1.
Retracement and Extension Ratios
Retracement and extension ratios are calculated by dividing the current range by the preceding range and multiplying the answer by 100. Retracement ratios are those that are equal to or below 100% of the preceding range and extension ratios are those that are above 100% of the preceding range.
Fibonacci Retracement and Extension Ratios
The Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers in which each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers, starting with 0 and 1. For example 0 + 1 = 1, 1 + 1 = 2, 1 + 2 = 3, and so on. Ultimately, we could go on forever but the first few numbers in the sequence are as follows: 0 , 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144.
The extension ratios are calculated by dividing each number in the sequence by the number preceding it. For example 0/1 = 0, 1/1 = 1, 2/1 = 2, 3/2 = 1.5, 5/3 = 1.6666..., 8/5 = 1.6, 13/8 = 1.625, 21/13 = 1.6153..., 34/21 = 1.6190..., 55/34 = 1.6176..., 89/55 = 1.6181..., 144/89 = 1.6179..., and so on. The retracement ratios are calculated by inverting this process and dividing each number in the sequence by the number proceeding it. For example 0/1 = 0, 1/1 = 1, 1/2 = 0.5, 2/3 = 0.666..., 3/5 = 0.6, 5/8 = 0.625, 8/13 = 0.6153..., 13/21 = 0.6190..., 21/34 = 0.6176..., 34/55 = 0.6181..., 55/89 = 0.6179..., 89/144 = 0.6180..., and so on.
1.618 is considered to be the 'golden ratio', found in many natural phenomena such as the growth of seashells and the branching of trees. Some now speculate the universe oscillates at a frequency of 0,618 Hz, which could help to explain such phenomena, but this theory has yet to be proven.
Traders and analysts use Fibonacci retracement and extension indicators, consisting of horizontal lines representing different Fibonacci ratios, for identifying potential levels of support and resistance. Fibonacci ranges are typically drawn from left to right, with retracement levels representing ratios inside of the current range and extension levels representing ratios extended outside of the current range. If the current wave cycle ends on a swing low, the Fibonacci range is drawn from peak to trough. If the current wave cycle ends on a swing high the Fibonacci range is drawn from trough to peak.
Harmonic Patterns
The concept of harmonic patterns in trading was first introduced by H.M. Gartley in his book "Profits in the Stock Market", published in 1935. Gartley observed that markets have a tendency to move in repetitive patterns, and he identified several specific patterns that he believed could be used to predict future price movements.
Since then, many other traders and analysts have built upon Gartley's work and developed their own variations of harmonic patterns. One such contributor is Larry Pesavento, who developed his own methods for measuring harmonic patterns using Fibonacci ratios. Pesavento has written several books on the subject of harmonic patterns and Fibonacci ratios in trading. Another notable contributor to harmonic patterns is Scott Carney, who developed his own approach to harmonic trading in the late 1990s and also popularised the use of Fibonacci ratios to measure harmonic patterns. Carney expanded on Gartley's work and also introduced several new harmonic patterns, such as the Shark pattern and the 5-0 pattern.
The bullish and bearish Gartley patterns are the oldest recognized harmonic patterns in trading and all the other harmonic patterns are ultimately modifications of the original Gartley patterns. Gartley patterns are fundamentally composed of 5 points, or 4 waves.
Bullish and Bearish Cassiopeia A Harmonic Patterns
• Bullish Cassiopeia A patterns are fundamentally composed of three troughs and two peaks. The second peak being higher than the first peak. And the third trough being higher than both the first and second troughs, while the second trough is also higher than the first.
• Bearish Cassiopeia A patterns are fundamentally composed of three peaks and two troughs. The second trough being lower than the first trough. And the third peak being lower than both the first and second peaks, while the second peak is also lower than the first.
The ratio measurements I use to detect the patterns are as follows:
• Wave 1 of the pattern, generally referred to as XA, has no specific ratio requirements.
• Wave 2 of the pattern, generally referred to as AB, should retrace by at least 11.34%, but no further than 22.31% of the range set by wave 1.
• Wave 3 of the pattern, generally referred to as BC, should extend by at least 225.7%, but no further than 341% of the range set by wave 2.
• Wave 4 of the pattern, generally referred to as CD, should retrace by at least 77.69%, but no further than 88.66% of the range set by wave 3.
Measurement Tolerances
In general, tolerance in measurements refers to the allowable variation or deviation from a specific value or dimension. It is the range within which a particular measurement is considered to be acceptable or accurate. In this script I have applied this concept to the measurement of harmonic pattern ratios to increase to the frequency of pattern occurrences.
For example, the AB measurement of Gartley patterns is generally set at around 61.8%, but with such specificity in the measuring requirements the patterns are very rare. We can increase the frequency of pattern occurrences by setting a tolerance. A tolerance of 10% to both downside and upside, which is the default setting for all tolerances, means we would have a tolerable measurement range between 51.8-71.8%, thus increasing the frequency of occurrence.
█ FEATURES
Inputs
• AB Lower Tolerance
• AB Upper Tolerance
• BC Lower Tolerance
• BC Upper Tolerance
• CD Lower Tolerance
• CD Upper Tolerance
• Pattern Color
• Label Color
• Show Projections
• Extend Current Projection Lines
Alerts
Users can set alerts for when the patterns occur.
█ LIMITATIONS
All green and red candle calculations are based on differences between open and close prices, as such I have made no attempt to account for green candles that gap lower and close below the close price of the preceding candle, or red candles that gap higher and close above the close price of the preceding candle. This may cause some unexpected behaviour on some markets and timeframes. I can only recommend using 24-hour markets, if and where possible, as there are far fewer gaps and, generally, more data to work with.
█ NOTES
I know a few people have been requesting a single indicator that contains all my patterns and I definitely hear you on that one. However, I have been very busy working on other projects while trying to trade and be a human at the same time. For now I am going to maintain my original approach of releasing each pattern individually so as to maintain consistency. But I am now also working on getting my some of my libraries ready for public release and in doing so I will finally be able to fit all patterns into one script. I will also be giving my scripts some TLC by making them cleaner once I have the libraries up and running. Please bear with me in the meantime, this may take a while. Cheers!
OBV 1min Volume SqueezeIn the vast realm of trading strategies, few terms evoke as much intrigue as the word "squeeze." It conjures images of pent-up energy, ready to burst forth in a sudden and decisive move. In this blog post, we'll delve into a new trading idea titled the "OBV 1-Minute Volume Squeeze" which aims to catch bigger market movements by fetching 1 minute OBV data on higher time charts.
The Essence of Squeeze
In trading parlance, a "squeeze" typically denotes a scenario where volatility contracts, and prices consolidate within a narrow range. Translating this concept to volume dynamics, a "volume squeeze" suggests a period of compressed volume activity. It is unclear if the Bulls or the Bears are at winning hand and price is thus consolidating. The script calculates buying and selling pressure by fetching 1 min data. The total volume presure is the sum of absolute values of the buying and selling pressure added up. By deviding the Buying volume by the total volume we know the Buying Pressure.
The trading theory suggest that when the buying pressure exceeds a certain value eg. 50% (default value in the script is 55%) it is likely the trend will continue to go up for a longer period of time. Vice Versa when selling pressure is higher, the trend is likely to continue down. In the script you can adjust the sensitivity in such way a higher "Volume Pressure %" result in less trading signals.
Fetching 1 min data
The OBV is a wonderful indicator to measure the buying and selling pressure. A disadvantage of the script is that the total volume pressure is presented as a positive (buying) or negative value (selling) value in the Oscillator. It does not offset the Bulls power against the Bears power at given time. The script aims to do measure the directional volume power by defining a volume pressure % (oulier value) by fetching 1 min OBV data on higher time frame charts comparing the Bulls power against the Bears Power. The code is included below:
// Fetch Lower Timeframe Data in an array
// nV = ZeroValue, sV = Selling Volume, bV = Buying Volume, tV = Total Volume
= request.security_lower_tf(syminfo.tickerid, '1', )
sum_bV_Lengthbars = array.sum(bV)
sum_sV_Lengthbars = array.sum(sV)
sum_tV_Lengthbars = sum_bV_Lengthbars + sum_sV_Lengthbars // Combine buying and selling volumes to get total volume
// Calculate buying and selling volume as percentage of the total volume, but ensure the denominator isn't zero.
buying_percentage = sum_tV_Lengthbars != 0 ? sum_bV_Lengthbars / sum_tV_Lengthbars * 100 : na
selling_percentage = sum_tV_Lengthbars != 0 ? -(sum_sV_Lengthbars / sum_tV_Lengthbars * 100) : na
OBV Oscillator Explanation
The On Balance Volume (OBV) indicator is a technical analysis tool used to measure buying and selling pressure in the market. It does this by keeping a running total of volume flows. OBV is typically calculated by adding the volume on a candle when the price closes higher than the previous candle's close and subtracting the volume on candles when the price closes lower than the previous candles close. If the price closes unchanged from the previous candle, the volume is not added to or subtracted from the OBV. The OBV can be presented as an oscillator. Positve value is the buying pressure and negative values is the selling pressure. In the settings the OBV is calculated based on 1 min data and comes with the following input options for visualization on the chart:
Higher Time Frame Settings (make sure the HTF is higher than the chart you have open)
Type of MA being: EMA, DEMA, TEMA, SMA, WMA, HMA, McGinley
Volume Pressure % (outlier value)
Length of number of bars (of the choosen HTF settings)
Smoothing of number candles of hte opened timechart. Note that higher number of bars to smoothen the indicator results in less signals, but lag of the indicator increases.
The Oscilator contains 3 main lines which are used to determin the entry signals:
Orange Line = the Outlier value in settings described as "Volume Pressure %"
Green Line = Total Buying Pressure OBV
Red Line = Total Selling Pressure OBV
If the Green or Red line is in between the zero line and the orange line the volume is squeezed and waiting for a directional break out.
If the Green line crosses over the orange line the buying pressure is > 55% and triggers a long entry position (green dot). If the Red line crosses under the orange line the selling pressure is > 55% and triggers an short entry (red dot). In the strategy settings this option is called: "Wait for total volume to increase?".
Alternative Strategy Options
In order to play around with different settings users can opt for two more strategy entry settings, called:
"Wait for total volume to deacrease?" --> Only gives a signal when total volume is declining, but buying or selling pressure maintains and crosses % threshold.
"Wait for Pull Back?" --> After a pullback occured and opposite buy/sell pressure gets lower than threshold (direction is shifting)
Turning on all options will logically result into more signals. Note these strategy ideas are experimental and can best be used in confirmation with other indicators.
Moving Average Filter (HTF)
The Oscillator has a horizontal line at the bottom. The line is green when the moving average is in a uptrend and red when the moving average is in a downtrend. The MA Filter comes with the following settings:
Higher Time Frame Setting
Type of MA being: EMA, DEMA, TEMA, SMA, WMA, HMA, McGinley
Length of number of bars (of the choosen HTF settings)
At last I hope you like this volume trading idea and if you have any comments let me know!
VWAP 8EMA Crossover Scalping IndicatorWhy?
Everybody, especially in Indian context, from 9:15 AM to 3:30 PM, wants to trade in BankNifty.
And even 15m is Too Big timeframe for The Great Indian Options buyers. Everyone knows how potentially BankNifty (& FinNifty on Tuesday and Sensex on Friday) can show dance within 15m.
So there always been an overarching longing among traders to have something in shorter timeframes. And this 5m timeframe, looks like a universally (sic) accepted Standard Timeframe for Indian Options traders.
So here is this.
What?
The time we are publishing this public indicator Indian market (Nifty) is in ATH at ~22200.
In any such super trending market it's always good to wait for a dip and then in suitable time, enter the trade in the direction of the larger trend. The reversal trading systems, in such a situation, proves to be ineffective.
Of course there are time when market is sideways and keeps on oscillating between +/2 standard deviation of the 20 SMA. In such a situation the reversal play works perfectly. But not so in such a trending market.
So the question comes up - after a dip what's the right point to enter.
Hence comes the importance of such a crossover based trading system.
In this indicator, it's a well-known technique (nothing originally from ours, it's taken from social media, exact one we forgot) to find out the 8EMA and VWAP crossover.
So we learned from social media, practice in our daily trading a bit, actuate it and now publishing it.
A few salient points
It does not make sense to jump into the trade just on the crossover (or crossunder).
So we added some more sugar to it, e.g. we check the color the candle. Also the next candle if crosses and closes above (or below) the breakout candle's high/low.
The polarity (color) of both the alert (breakout/breakdown) and confirmation candle to be same (green for crossover, red from crossunder).
Of course, it does provider BUY and SELL alerts separately.
These all we have found out doing backtesting and forward testing with 1/2 lots and saw this sort of approaches works.
Hence all of these are added to this script.
Nomenclature
Here green line is the 8EMA and the red line is the VWAP.
Also there is a black dotted line. That's 50 EMA. It's to show you the trend.
The recent trade is shown in the top right of the chart as green (for buy) or red (for sell) with SL and 1:1 target.
How to trade using this system?
This is roughly we have found the best possible use of this indicator.
Lets explain with a bullish BUY positive crossover (means 8EMA is crossing over the daily VWAP)
Keep timeframe as 5m
Check the direction/slope of the black dotted line (50 EMA). If it's upwards, only take bullish positions.
Open the chart which has the VWAP. (e.g. FinNifty spot or MidcapNifty spot does not have vwap). So in those cases Future is the way to go.
Wait for a breakout crossover and let the indicator gives a green, triangular UP arrow.
Draw a horizontal line to the close of that candle for next few (say 6 candles i.e. 30m) candles.
Wait for the price first to retest the 8EMA or even better the VWAP (or near to the 8EMA, VWAP)
Let the price moves and closes above the horizontal line drawn in the 4th step.
Take a bullish trade, keeping VWAP as the SL and 1:1 as the target.
Additionally, Options buyer can consult ADX also to see if the ADX is more than 25 and moving up for the bullish trade. (This has to be added seperately in the chart, it's not a part of the indicator).
Mention
The concept we have taken from some social media. Forget exactly where we heard this first time. We just coded it with some additional steps.
Statutory Disclaimer
There is no silver bullet / holy grail in trading. Nothing works 100% time. One has to be careful about the loss (s)he can bear in case of the trade goes against.
We, as the author of this script, is not responsible for any trading or position decision one is taken based on the outcome of this.
It is our sole discretion to change, add, delete the portion or withdraw the whole script without any prior notice or intimation.
In Indian Context: We are not SEBI registered.
SAT - Sentiment Analysis Tool by Csth97This code calculates the correlation between the ATR and the OBV of the price, and plots the difference between the positive and negative OBV correlations as a line. It also plots horizontal lines at the UP and DOWN levels, and signals bullish and bearish crosses when the difference line crosses those levels.
Donch +This is an indicator I made for trading Forex to help me see the bigger picture. It is meant for the 30min TF and it includes the following:
- 20 Day High | Low
- 5 Day High | Low
- 4 Hour High | L
- 4 Hour Bars
- Daily Simple Moving Averages
- Weekly Trend Line (connects last week's open to this week's open)
- Daily Trend Line (connects yesterday's open to today's open)
- Horizontal Lines at 0.25% increments (these can be useful for S/R... currency rarely moves more than 1% in a day).
- A table with information about what markets are open and technicals on the pair I am looking at.
- A slight white background fill to highlight the first hour of the US session. Knowing what session you are in is very important in day trading (in my opinion). This lets me go back and see how the US has been trading.
To keep the chart from being "too busy" (it's plenty busy lol), I use a step line and focus on 30min closes. I reference the white lines above and below closes for 4hr highs/lows and don't bother with looking at the high/low of every 30 min bar.
For the table, you will see bright green by the country for the first hour of trading in that session. It will turn to a regular green after the first hour. It will turn yellow the final hour of that session. It will turn red if that market is closed.
You can select from the settings 'inputs' tab to enable/disable any parts of this you don't find useful, for the table you'd go over to the 'style' tab and unselect it there. For example, I don't use the labels regularly. If I were to get confused about what a moving average was or something, I'd enable the labels and clarify.
Currency doesn't like to break out and likes to be stable. Keeping this in mind, you can see how the 20 day high / low and the 5 day high / low act as support and resistance (unless there is a news event to break out on.
I have alerts for the following:
- Price update every hour
- Crossing a trend line
- Crossing a moving average
- Crossing a 0.25% increment
- Making a new 4 hour, 5 day, or 20 day high/low
To enable the alerts, you would click add alert, select the indicator, and click save. To work properly, you'd want to be on the 30min TF before doing this. You will get a lot of alerts (personally I like this because I like to see how currency moves throughout the day). You will get one notification per 30 minutes but not more than that for the particular alert.
Weighted Alpha with Zero line indicatorDescription:
This script introduces an Enhanced Weighted Alpha Indicator, designed for traders and analysts who seek a more nuanced view of market momentum and trend strength. The Weighted Alpha is a sophisticated measure that combines the concepts of price change and consistency of trend over a specified period. This version of the indicator is enhanced with a customizable lambda value, allowing users to fine-tune the sensitivity according to their trading strategy.
Key Features:
Weighted Alpha Calculation: The script calculates the Weighted Alpha based on the daily return of the asset, adjusted by a decay factor (lambda). This provides a smoothed, long-term view of the asset's momentum.
Customizable Lambda: Users can adjust the lambda value to modify the rate at which older data decreases in relevance. A higher lambda value gives more weight to recent data, making the indicator more sensitive to recent price movements.
Zero Line Indicator: A dotted red horizontal line at the 0 value on the y-axis serves as a quick visual reference. This line helps in identifying when the Weighted Alpha crosses from positive to negative or vice versa, indicating potential shifts in market momentum.
Separate Chart Pane: The Weighted Alpha is plotted on a separate pane below the main chart, providing a clear and uncluttered view.
Usage:
Trend Analysis: A positive Weighted Alpha indicates an upward trend, while a negative value suggests a downward trend. The magnitude of the Weighted Alpha gives an idea of the trend's strength.
Crossover Signals: Watch for the Weighted Alpha line crossing the zero line. Such crossovers can signal potential trend reversals.
Customization: Experiment with different lambda values to match the indicator's sensitivity with your trading style. A lower lambda smooths out the line more, while a higher lambda makes it more responsive to recent price changes.
Conclusion:
This Enhanced Weighted Alpha Indicator is a powerful tool for traders looking to analyze and anticipate market trends with greater precision. Its customization options and clear visual representation make it a valuable addition to any trader's toolkit.
Relative Strength Trend Indicator (RSTI)This indicator is called the "Relative Strength Trend Indicator" (RSTI), designed to assess the relative strength of a trend.
Here is a detailed explanation of how it works and how traders can interpret it:
Indicator Operation:
1. Data Source (src): The indicator considers a data source, typically the closing price (close), but this can be adjusted according to the trader's preferences.
2. Period Length (Length): This determines the period used to calculate the simple moving average (SMA) of the data source. A longer period smoothes the indicator, while a shorter period makes it more responsive.
3. Multiplier (Multiplier): This is a multiplication factor applied to the Average True Range (ATR), adjusting the width of the bands.
4. Signal Length (Signal Length): This period is used to calculate the simple moving average of the relative strength (l_strength). It determines the sensitivity of the signal to changes in relative strength.
Interpretation of the Indicator:
1. Upper Strength Band (Upper Level): This line is drawn at 80 and represents a high strength level. When relative strength exceeds this value, it may indicate a potential overbought market.
2. Lower Strength Band (Lower Level): This line is drawn at 20 and represents a low strength level. When relative strength is below this value, it may indicate a potential oversold market.
3. RSTI Strength: The main line of the indicator, representing the calculated relative strength. When this line exceeds 50, it may indicate an uptrend, while a value below 50 may indicate a downtrend.
4. Filling Zones: These colored zones between levels 80 and 50, and between 50 and 20, can help quickly visualize relative strength. A colored zone above 50 indicates positive strength, while a colored zone below 50 indicates negative strength.
Qualities of the Indicator:
1. Adaptability: The use of ATR and the flexibility of parameters (length, multiplier, signal_length) allow the indicator to adapt to different market conditions.
2. Visual Clarity: Colored filling zones and horizontal lines make it easy to visualize relative strength levels.
3. Strength Signal: The signal line (RSTI Strength) allows traders to quickly spot changes in relative strength, facilitating decision-making.
4. Responsiveness: The combination of smoothed moving averages and relative strength indicators allows responsiveness to trend changes while reducing false signals.
It is essential to note that while this indicator can provide valuable insights, it is always recommended to use it in conjunction with other technical analysis tools for informed decision-making.
Vertical and Horizontal Lines on given DatesThis simple indicator is to show the impact of given dates on the chart:
The dates need to be entered in a yyyy-MM-dd format, separated by comma (,) or space+comma ( ,).
The event can be shown on the chart with a vertical highlighting.
The midpoint of the price action that day can be shown as a vertical line.
Hint: If you load a lot of dates into it, best disable the "Indicator Arguments" in "Chart Settings" -> "Status line" to not have the chart littered with these date arguments.
ATH Drawdown Indicator by Atilla YurtsevenThe ATH (All-Time High) Drawdown Indicator, developed by Atilla Yurtseven, is an essential tool for traders and investors who seek to understand the current price position in relation to historical peaks. This indicator is especially useful in volatile markets like cryptocurrencies and stocks, offering insights into potential buy or sell opportunities based on historical price action.
This indicator is suitable for long-term investors. It shows the average value loss of a price. However, it's important to remember that this indicator only displays statistics based on past price movements. The price of a stock can remain cheap for many years.
1. Utility of the Indicator:
The ATH Drawdown Indicator provides a clear view of how far the current price is from its all-time high. This is particularly beneficial in assessing the magnitude of a pullback or retracement from peak levels. By understanding these levels, traders can gauge market sentiment and make informed decisions about entry and exit points.
2. Risk Management:
This indicator aids in risk management by highlighting significant drawdowns from the ATH. Traders can use this information to adjust their position sizes or set stop-loss orders more effectively. For instance, entering trades when the price is significantly below the ATH could indicate a higher potential for recovery, while a minimal drawdown from the ATH may suggest caution due to potential overvaluation.
3. Indicator Functionality:
The indicator calculates the percentage drawdown from the ATH for each trading period. It can display this data either as a line graph or overlaid on candles, based on user preference. Horizontal lines at -25%, -50%, -75%, and -100% drawdown levels offer quick visual cues for significant price levels. The color-coding of candles further aids in visualizing bullish or bearish trends in the context of ATH drawdowns.
4. ATH Level Indicator (0 Level):
A unique feature of this indicator is the 0 level, which signifies that the price is currently at its all-time high. This level is a critical reference point for understanding the market's peak performance.
5. Mean Line Indicator:
Additionally, this indicator includes a 'Mean Line', representing the average percentage drawdown from the ATH. This average is calculated over more than a thousand past bars, leveraging the law of large numbers to provide a reliable mean value. This mean line is instrumental in understanding the typical market behavior in relation to the ATH.
Disclaimer:
Please note that this ATH Drawdown Indicator by Atilla Yurtseven is provided as an open-source tool for educational purposes only. It should not be construed as investment advice. Users should conduct their own research and consult a financial advisor before making any investment decisions. The creator of this indicator bears no responsibility for any trading losses incurred using this tool.
Please remember to follow and comment!
Trade smart, stay safe
Atilla Yurtseven
Expected Intraday MovementThis indicator pretends to represent the "probable" maximum movement of an asset, for the rest of the day.
This indicator should be used "only" in intraday timeframe. You will not be able to see it if you select a longer timeframe.
To calculate the probable maximum movement, the indicator uses the VIX value for each minute.
On the first candle of the day, it also calculates the probable maximum movement for the whole day, and plots it in horizontal lines.
It also allows adding a couple of extra lines (for visual purposes only).
It also allows the creation of alerts, so that when the value of the asset is close to one of the limits, it can send you an alert using the Tradingview alert system.
Summary of parameters:
Intraday bands: allows you to show/hide the bands for each minute.
Intraday first candle projection: allows to show/hide the estimated projection from the first candle of the day.
Enable alert: allows to enable/disable alerts.
Upper and lower band offset: optional offset where alarms will be triggered (e.g. 10 points before the limit is reached).
Intraday Extra Projection: allows to show/hide extra levels (for visual purposes only)
Upper and lower extra: values for extra levels.
As always, no indicator is meant to provide a single, reliable strategy to your trading regimen and no indicator or group of indicators should be relied on solely. Be sure to do your own analysis and assessments of the stock prior to taking any trades.
Safe trades everyone!
SMA Crossover Support & Resistance [Rami_LB]This indicator draws a horizontal line on the price chart at the point where two pre-defined SMA (Simple Moving Average) lines intersect. It is most useful for identifying crossed SMA lines on the 1-hour chart and then trading on smaller chart intervals.
For optimal performance, it is recommended to customize the values of the SMA lines individually for each currency pair, as these values can vary from one pair to another. To do this, switch to the 1-hour chart and adjust the SMA parameters until you visually observe that these settings would yield favorable results based on historical data. Certainly, you can also adjust the length of the lines accordingly when you switch from the 1-hour chart to smaller timeframes.
Please note that this indicator allows traders to visually identify potential trend changes and crossovers between short-term and long-term moving averages, aiding in decision-making for trading strategies.
Buyer/Seller Dominance ©TMW
The "Buyer/Seller Dominance" indicator script, developed by Deepanshu Sharma under The Market Wisdom (TMW), is a powerful analytical tool designed for use on the TradingView platform. This script is released under the Mozilla Public License 2.0, and it offers traders and investors an innovative perspective on market dynamics by assessing the relative strength of buyers and sellers within a given time frame.
Key Features:
1. Dominance Calculation: The indicator calculates the dominance of buyers and sellers over a specified number of candles. Users can define the number of candles (`n`) to consider in the dominance calculation.
2. Visual Representation: The script provides a visual representation of buyer and seller dominance using colored columns on the price chart. Green columns represent buyer dominance, while red columns represent seller dominance.
3. Balance Line: The indicator includes a dashed horizontal line at the zero level, representing a balance point between buyer and seller dominance. When the green and red columns cross this line, it signifies shifts in market sentiment.
How it Works:
The script divides the historical price data into segments of specified candle count (`n`) and assesses each segment's dominance. It calculates the volume associated with both green (bullish) and red (bearish) candles within each segment.
If a candle's closing price is higher than its opening price, it is considered a green candle. Similarly, if the closing price is lower than the opening price, the candle is classified as red. The volume of each respective type of candle is then accumulated for each segment.
The script plots the cumulative green candle volume as the "Buyer Dominance" column and the cumulative red candle volume as the "Seller Dominance" column. This visual representation helps traders gauge the ebb and flow of buyer and seller strength in the market.
Disclaimer :
The indicator is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered as financial advice. It's important to conduct thorough research and analysis before making any trading decisions. The creator, Deepanshu Sharma, and "The Market Wisdom" team are not responsible for any trading losses incurred based on the usage of this indicator.
Remember that trading involves risks, and historical performance may not necessarily predict future results. Always consider multiple indicators, market trends, and risk management strategies when making trading decisions.
Double Supertrend HTF FilterDouble Supertrend HTF Filter: A Comprehensive Market Direction Tool
The Double Supertrend HTF Filter is an innovative tool designed for traders who seek a more holistic view of market trends. At its core, the indicator combines two Supertrends from different higher timeframes, providing a layered perspective on the market's direction. Instead of juggling between multiple timeframes or charts, traders get a consolidated view with this indicator. One of its standout features is the horizontal line at the bottom of the chart, which visually represents the alignment of the two Supertrends – a simple yet powerful way to gauge the combined sentiment of the two higher timeframes on your chart.
The Supertrend Indicator: Origins and Rationale
The Supertrend indicator, a popular tool among traders, was developed by Olivier Seban. At its essence, the Supertrend is a trend-following indicator, designed to identify and visualize the current market trend. It operates using average true range (ATR) values and price data, effectively smoothing out market noise to present clearer trend directions. When prices move with a consistent momentum upwards or downwards, the Supertrend remains below or above the price respectively, signaling the prevailing trend's direction. The rationale behind the Supertrend is its ability to adapt to price volatility. By factoring in the average true range, it dynamically adjusts itself, ensuring that it's not just based on price but also the inherent volatility of the market. This adaptability makes it a valuable tool for traders, offering insights into potential trend reversals and potential entry or exit points.
Filter Usage
The main idea behind the Double Supertrend HTF is to use the indicator as a filter in addition to a signal indicator to your liking. To illustrate, consider incorporating it with a MACD Oscillator, such as the one detailed in this article: When the solid line at the bottom of the chart turns green, it signals that both supertrends are up and thus allows for long positions, indicating a bullish sentiment across both the chosen higher timeframes. Conversely, a red line permits short positions, hinting at a bearish trend. Should the line turn yellow, it's a sign of caution. The market is indecisive, and it might be prudent to refrain from taking any trades until a clearer direction emerges.
Features of the Indicator
Understanding that traders have different preferences, the Double Supertrend HTF Filter comes with customizable features. With the easy user interface you can change the timeframe, ATR and factor to your preferred trading strategy. The default settings are set for the 30 minutes and 4 hour timeframe, which is my personal preference for scalping trades on lower timeframes (eg. 1min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min). While the dual Supertrend lines offer valuable insights, a chart can become cluttered when combined with other indicators. Therefore, traders have the option to toggle on or off the display of the Supertrends. This ensures that you have the flexibility to maintain a clean chart view while still benefiting from the insights the tool provides at the bottom of the chart.
A Note on Usage
It's essential to highlight that the Double Supertrend HTF Filter is for educational purposes. While it offers a unique perspective on market trends and can be a valuable addition to a trader's toolkit, it's merely an example of how one can use the Supertrend as a filter. Always conduct thorough research and consider your trading strategy before making any decisions.
If you have any comments or ideas how to combine this filter with other indicators feel free to leave a comment.
Price breakout and reversal [TCS] | PAThis indicator is designed to identify potential breaks and reversals in price movements for a financial instrument.
The indicator displays several elements to assist users in spotting specific market conditions:
1. High and Low Pivots : The indicator marks the highest and lowest points on the price chart within a customizable lookback period. These pivots represent important turning points in the price movement and serve as reference levels for potential breakouts and reversals.
2. Fair Value Line : A horizontal line is drawn at the midpoint between the high and low pivots. This line represents the "fair value" based on the recent price action. Traders may consider this level as a reference for evaluating the price's deviation from its average value.
3. Bullish Breakouts : When the closing price of the financial instrument crosses above the high pivot the indicator identifies a potential bullish breakout. This suggests a possible buying opportunity.
4. Bearish Breakouts : Conversely, a bearish breakout is identified when the closing price crosses below the low pivot. This may indicate a selling opportunity.
5. Fair Value Breakouts : In addition to regular breakouts, the indicator can detect breakouts based on the fair value line. If the closing price crosses above or below the fair value line, it may signal a fair value breakout, indicating the price's potential return to its average level.
6. Reversals : Reversal patterns are essential in technical analysis. The indicator identifies potential bullish and bearish reversals .
The indicator enhances its visual signals with geometric shapes (triangles and diamonds) placed above or below the price bars to represent different types of breakouts and reversals.
Moreover, the indicator can be configured to send alerts to the user when any of these specific events occur, helping traders stay informed and respond promptly to potential trading opportunities.
Please note that this code is for educational purposes only and should not be used for trading without further testing and analysis.
CCI+EMA Strategy with Percentage or ATR TP/SL [Alifer]This is a momentum strategy based on the Commodity Channel Index (CCI), with the aim of entering long trades in oversold conditions and short trades in overbought conditions.
Optionally, you can enable an Exponential Moving Average (EMA) to only allow trading in the direction of the larger trend. Please note that the strategy will not plot the EMA. If you want, for visual confirmation, you can add to the chart an Exponential Moving Average as a second indicator, with the same settings used in the strategy’s built-in EMA.
The strategy also allows you to set internal Stop Loss and Take Profit levels, with the option to choose between Percentage-based TP/SL or ATR-based TP/SL.
The strategy can be adapted to multiple assets and timeframes:
Pick an asset and a timeframe
Zoom back as far as possible to identify meaningful positive and negative peaks of the CCI
Set Overbought and Oversold at a rough average of the peaks you identified
Adjust TP/SL according to your risk management strategy
Like the strategy? Give it a boost!
Have any questions? Leave a comment or drop me a message.
CAUTIONARY WARNING
Please note that this is a complex trading strategy that involves several inputs and conditions. Before using it in live trading, it is highly recommended to thoroughly test it on historical data and use risk management techniques to safeguard your capital. After backtesting, it's also highly recommended to perform a first live test with a small amount. Additionally, it's essential to have a good understanding of the strategy's behavior and potential risks. Only risk what you can afford to lose .
USED INDICATORS
1 — COMMODITY CHANNEL INDEX (CCI)
The Commodity Channel Index (CCI) is a technical analysis indicator used to measure the momentum of an asset. It was developed by Donald Lambert and first published in Commodities magazine (now Futures) in 1980. Despite its name, the CCI can be used in any market and is not just for commodities. The CCI compares current price to average price over a specific time period. The indicator fluctuates above or below zero, moving into positive or negative territory. While most values, approximately 75%, fall between -100 and +100, about 25% of the values fall outside this range, indicating a lot of weakness or strength in the price movement.
The CCI was originally developed to spot long-term trend changes but has been adapted by traders for use on all markets or timeframes. Trading with multiple timeframes provides more buy or sell signals for active traders. Traders often use the CCI on the longer-term chart to establish the dominant trend and on the shorter-term chart to isolate pullbacks and generate trade signals.
CCI is calculated with the following formula:
(Typical Price - Simple Moving Average) / (0.015 x Mean Deviation)
Some trading strategies based on CCI can produce multiple false signals or losing trades when conditions turn choppy. Implementing a stop-loss strategy can help cap risk, and testing the CCI strategy for profitability on your market and timeframe is a worthy first step before initiating trades.
2 — AVERAGE TRUE RANGE (ATR)
The Average True Range (ATR) is a technical analysis indicator that measures market volatility by calculating the average range of price movements in a financial asset over a specific period of time. The ATR was developed by J. Welles Wilder Jr. and introduced in his book “New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems” in 1978.
The ATR is calculated by taking the average of the true range over a specified period. The true range is the greatest of the following:
The difference between the current high and the current low.
The difference between the previous close and the current high.
The difference between the previous close and the current low.
The ATR can be used to set stop-loss orders. One way to use ATR for stop-loss orders is to multiply the ATR by a factor (such as 2 or 3) and subtract it from the entry price for long positions or add it to the entry price for short positions. This can help traders set stop-loss orders that are more adaptive to market volatility.
3 — EXPONENTIAL MOVING AVERAGE (EMA)
The Exponential Moving Average (EMA) is a type of moving average (MA) that places a greater weight and significance on the most recent data points.
The EMA is calculated by taking the average of the true range over a specified period. The true range is the greatest of the following:
The difference between the current high and the current low.
The difference between the previous close and the current high.
The difference between the previous close and the current low.
The EMA can be used by traders to produce buy and sell signals based on crossovers and divergences from the historical average. Traders often use several different EMA lengths, such as 10-day, 50-day, and 200-day moving averages.
The formula for calculating EMA is as follows:
Compute the Simple Moving Average (SMA).
Calculate the multiplier for weighting the EMA.
Calculate the current EMA using the following formula:
EMA = Closing price x multiplier + EMA (previous day) x (1-multiplier)
STRATEGY EXPLANATION
1 — INPUTS AND PARAMETERS
The strategy uses the Commodity Channel Index (CCI) with additional options for an Exponential Moving Average (EMA), Take Profit (TP) and Stop Loss (SL).
length : The period length for the CCI calculation.
overbought : The overbought level for the CCI. When CCI crosses above this level, it may signal a potential short entry.
oversold : The oversold level for the CCI. When CCI crosses below this level, it may signal a potential long entry.
useEMA : A boolean input to enable or disable the use of Exponential Moving Average (EMA) as a filter for long and short entries.
emaLength : The period length for the EMA if it is used.
2 — CCI CALCULATION
The CCI indicator is calculated using the following formula:
(src - ma) / (0.015 * ta.dev(src, length))
src is the typical price (average of high, low, and close) and ma is the Simple Moving Average (SMA) of src over the specified length.
3 — EMA CALCULATION
If the useEMA option is enabled, an EMA is calculated with the given emaLength .
4 — TAKE PROFIT AND STOP LOSS METHODS
The strategy offers two methods for TP and SL calculations: percentage-based and ATR-based.
tpSlMethod_percentage : A boolean input to choose the percentage-based method.
tpSlMethod_atr : A boolean input to choose the ATR-based method.
5 — PERCENTAGE-BASED TP AND SL
If tpSlMethod_percentage is chosen, the strategy calculates the TP and SL levels based on a percentage of the average entry price.
tp_percentage : The percentage value for Take Profit.
sl_percentage : The percentage value for Stop Loss.
6 — ATR-BASED TP AND SL
If tpSlMethod_atr is chosen, the strategy calculates the TP and SL levels based on Average True Range (ATR).
atrLength : The period length for the ATR calculation.
atrMultiplier : A multiplier applied to the ATR to set the SL level.
riskRewardRatio : The risk-reward ratio used to calculate the TP level.
7 — ENTRY CONDITIONS
The strategy defines two conditions for entering long and short positions based on CCI and, optionally, EMA.
Long Entry: CCI crosses below the oversold level, and if useEMA is enabled, the closing price should be above the EMA.
Short Entry: CCI crosses above the overbought level, and if useEMA is enabled, the closing price should be below the EMA.
8 — TP AND SL LEVELS
The strategy calculates the TP and SL levels based on the chosen method and updates them dynamically.
For the percentage-based method, the TP and SL levels are calculated as a percentage of the average entry price.
For the ATR-based method, the TP and SL levels are calculated using the ATR value and the specified multipliers.
9 — EXIT CONDITIONS
The strategy defines exit conditions for both long and short positions.
If there is a long position, it will be closed either at TP or SL levels based on the chosen method.
If there is a short position, it will be closed either at TP or SL levels based on the chosen method.
Additionally, positions will be closed if CCI crosses back above oversold in long positions or below overbought in short positions.
10 — PLOTTING
The script plots the CCI line along with overbought and oversold levels as horizontal lines.
The CCI line is colored red when above the overbought level, green when below the oversold level, and white otherwise.
The shaded region between the overbought and oversold levels is plotted as well.
Previous Day ValuesSay hello to the Previous Day Values Indicator, your new best friend in the world of trading. This script, written in the powerful Pine Script version 5, is designed to keep you informed about essential price levels from the previous day's trading session, right on your TradingView chart.
Here's how it works:
The script creates horizontal lines on your chart to represent the previous day's high, low, close, and VWAP (Volume Weighted Average Price) levels. Each level is color-coded for easy identification – red for the high, green for the low, blue for the close, and yellow for the VWAP. The lines extend to the right edge of the chart, allowing you to gauge where the current price stands in relation to these crucial levels.
But what makes this script unique is its ability to update dynamically with each new trading day. At the start of a new day, the script clears the lines from the previous day and draws new ones based on the latest data. It uses the request.security function to fetch the previous day's data for the current symbol, so you can rest assured that your information is always up-to-date.
There's also an added layer of customization built into this script. We understand that different traders might want to focus on different things, which is why we've included toggle options for each value. You can choose whether to display the previous day's high, low, close, or VWAP values, or any combination thereof. Just head to the settings and switch on/off the values you want to see.
The labels for these lines are placed further to the right of the screen for easy reading, without cluttering your chart. And if you're worried about distinguishing between them, don't be! Each label is color-matched to its corresponding line, so you'll know at a glance which is which.
In summary, the Previous Day Values Indicator is a versatile tool that can help you keep track of key price levels from the past trading day. Whether you're a seasoned trader or a beginner, this script is sure to be a valuable addition to your toolkit. Happy Trading!
Fibonacci Levels on Any Indicator [By MUQWISHI]▋ INTRODUCTION :
A “Fibonacci Levels on Any Indicator” can be applied to any indicator to draw Fibonacci levels based on provided conditions of two price points to produce a sequence of horizontal line levels starting from 0% to 100% in addition to extension levels. The 0% level is measured as the start of retracement, while the 100% level is the beginning of the extension levels. This tool was developed to be easy to add to any indicator, and it could be valuable to some traders in terms of managing trades by setting targets and reducing risk in the trend direction.
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▋ USAGE:
➤ NEEDS TO IDENTIFY 4 ELEMENTS:
1. Starting Point. What’re the conditions / When will the drawing of the Fibonacci levels begin?
2. Ending Point. What’re the conditions / When will the drawing of the Fibonacci levels end?
3. High Point. What is the price for a 100% Fibonacci level (0% for the downside)?
4. Low Point. What is the price for a 0% Fibonacci level (100% for the downside)?
➤ STARTING & ENDING POINTS CONDITIONS:
Need to specify the condition when the drawing of Fibonacci levels starts and ends, and the indicator shows different prepared conditions.
New Phase: Import a value (plot) from an existing indicator, where its status changes from NaN to a real number.
Crosses Above/Below: Import a value(1) (plot) from an existing indicator, where it crosses above/below value(2).
Reversal Up/Down: Import a value(1) (plot) from an existing indicator, where it rises/decreases than the previous value(1).
First/Last Bar: Useful to draw stationary Fibonacci levels.
➤ UPPER & LOWER PIVOTS (0% & 100%):
Need to specify the two price points representing 0% & 100% Fibonacci levels to expose the sequence of Fibonacci lines.
Upper Pivot. By default, the ATR Upper Band. It’s possible to import a custom value from an existing indicator.
Lower Pivot. By default, the ATR Lower Band. It’s possible to import a custom value from an existing indicator.
➤ FIBONACCI STYLING OPTIONS:
Ability to customize line & label style, color, reverse, and hide/show levels.
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▋ IMPLEMENTATION:
Here are some examples of implementing the indicator.
Note: All presented examples below are for demonstration purposes, and they're not trading suggestions.
＃ Example 1: (Reversal Up/Down)
We want to implement Fibonacci levels on the Hull MA by mohamed982 . Our requirements are as follows:
Fibonacci levels start when the Hull MA reverses up.
Fibonacci levels end when the Hull MA reverses down.
Upper Pivot is the ATR Upper Band.
Lower Pivot is the ATR Lower Band.
After adding the required indicator (Hull MA), here’re the implementation and results
＃ Example 2: (Crosses Above/Below)
We want to implement Fibonacci Level on the Squeeze Momentum by LazyBear . Our requirements are as follows:
Fibonacci levels start when the Squeeze Momentum histogram crosses above 0.
Fibonacci levels end when the Squeeze Momentum histogram crosses below 0.
Upper Pivot is the Bollinger Upper Band.
Lower Pivot is the Bollinger Lower Band.
After adding the required indicators (Squeeze Momentum & Bollinger Band), here’re the implementation and results
＃ Example 3: (Crosses Above/Below)
We want to implement Fibonacci Level on the Crossing Moving Averages. Our requirements are as follows:
Fibonacci levels start when the 20-EMA crosses above 100-MA.
Fibonacci levels end when the 20-EMA crosses below 100-MA.
Upper Pivot is the ATR Upper Band.
Lower Pivot is the ATR Lower Band.
After adding the required indicators (20-EMA & 100-MA), here’re the implementation and results
＃ Example 4: (New Phase: When the previous value is NaN, and the current value is a real number.)
We want to implement Fibonacci Level on the Supertrend. Our requirements are as follows:
Fibonacci levels start when an up-Supertrend (green) line shows up.
Fibonacci levels end when a down-Supertrend (red) line shows up.
Upper Pivot is the down-Supertrend.
Lower Pivot is the up-Supertrend.
After adding the required indicator (Supertrend), here’re the implementation and results
＃ Example 5: (First/Last Bar)
We want to implement Fibonacci Level between two points, 330 & 300. Our requirements are as follows:
Fibonacci levels start at first bar on the chart.
Fibonacci levels end at last bar on the chart.
Upper Pivot is 330.
Lower Pivot is 300.
Here’re the implementation and results.
To customize the number of bars back (like 50 bars)
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▋ Final Comments:
The “Fibonacci Levels on Any Indicator” is made to apply on other indicators for planning Fibonacci Levels.
It can be implemented in different ways, along with presented examples.
This indicator does not work with plots that were developed by drawing classes.
Please let me know if you have any questions.
Thank you.
Sessions[Lenny Kiruthu]The script below is designed to show up to 4 different trading sessions i.e. London, New York, Tokyo and Sydney sessions, it also displays the days each session is taking place in as well as two horizontal lines one for the previous days high and the other for the previous days low.
It also displays a table that shows the user the highest and lowest price for 4 different currency pairs the previous day as well as their current prices and below it a confirmation row that shows whether price is currently above, below or within yesterdays range. Note that it only states "High Broken" or "Low Broken" if the current close is above or below the lines.
What you can change
Your time zone for example GMT -4 or GMT +3
The session start and end time
The colors, border type and border width of the session ranges
Displaying the table
Ability to choose the 4 symbols to view on the table
